CATCH-N-RELEASE: Based on his treatment at the hands of Judge Brian Hill, Independent photographer Paul Wellman should be given a lifetime pass allowing him to go fishing anywhere in the state, anytime he wants, and without benefit of a valid fishing license. That’s because this past November, Hill found Wellman — as well as The Independent itself — in contempt of court for refusing to release unpublished photographs he took in the aftermath of the March 14, 2007 State Street gang slaying that galvanized the town.
Last week, the California Supreme Court observed the anniversary of that slaying by refusing to hear Wellman’s appeal of Judge Hill’s ruling. By declining to hear a controversy that’s crying out for legal clarification, the state supremes effectively gave their blessing to what amounts to an unwarranted fishing expedition by a state agency into the photo files of a private newspaper and a practicing photojournalist. Admittedly I may be a little biased here, but from where I sit, when news gathering organizations find themselves forced to be unwilling investigators on behalf of the government, we all lose out.
The state agency involved is the public defender’s office, specifically in the person of attorney Karen Atkins. Atkins represents Ricardo Juarez, accused of stabbing to death Luis Angel Linares. Although Juarez had just turned 14 at the time of his arrest, he’s being tried for murder as an adult. Linares, at the time of his death, was just 15.
Atkins demanded that The Independent — as well as the Daily Sound and the News-Press — turn over all unpublished photos of the crime scene, arguing that they might somehow help her client’s case. The News-Press — aggressively hostile to the concept that newspapers should protect their sources — willingly gave them up. The Daily Sound initially fought Atkins in court, but relented in anticipation of the legal costs. Wellman and The Indy took it as far as the law allows, but ultimately got nowhere for our efforts.
As the case has slogged its way slowly through the court system, we’ve heard many people ask, “What’s the big deal? Why don’t we just turn over the photos?” Well, we worry that when newsgathering organizations find themselves forcibly — or willingly — conscripted to become investigative extensions of some state agency, members of the public might grow skeptical and doubt our ability to protect confidential sources. That’s a very big deal. In some instances, that may cause valuable sources to dry up. In more extreme cases, such suspicion could put reporters and photographers in physical peril.
The original litigation on this matter dates back to the 1960s, when California sheriffs sought unpublished photos taken by a campus newspaper of anti-war rioters then raising unholy hell. The courts ruled in favor of the newspaper and photographer, concluding that society would be ill served if photographers and reporters found themselves confused for law enforcement officials.
Our case is somewhat different because the state agency involved represents the defense, rather than the prosecution. And for good reason, the constitution affords people charged with crimes access to any info that might clear them of the charges. But even here, the courts have clearly stated that it’s not enough for a defense attorney to argue the unpublished pix in question could help their case — more than a theoretical possibility, they must show there’s a reasonable expectation that the photographs will help.
Karen Atkins has argued that’s an impossible burden for any defense attorney to meet. How could anyone know what value the photos might have, she’s asked, before actually seeing them? Unfortunately for us, this was the one instance where Judge Hill actually agreed with Atkins, lock, stock, and barrel. By turning a blind eye on this reasonable expectation requirement, Hill has effectively opened any media organization up to any defense attorney who wants to go fishing in their photo pond, no matter how flimsy the pretext.
Photo Gallery
State Street Stabbing Photos
After fighting as hard and as far as we could in the courts to protect our privacy and rights as a news-gathering organization under the California Reporter's Shield Law, The Independent has no choice but to release all of Paul Wellman's photographs of the March 2007 stabbing on State Street. Here they are, all 330 or so of them, in entirely raw form and chronological order. Only the faces of minors in custody have been blurred out.
Wellman and The Independent decided to post the photos in question — all 334 of them — on Independent.com. (See them in the accompanying photo gallery.) The photos were taken about one hour after the fact. Most show the crime scene; many show young gang members in custody behind the ubiquitous yellow police tape.
I doubt Atkins will glean anything she didn’t get from the cops’ crime scene shots or those taken by photographers from the two other papers. I’ll bet dollars to donuts that not one of these photos will shed any new light on who actually stabbed Angel Linares — Atkins’s claim is that while Juarez stabbed the victim, someone else delivered the fatal thrust — or that it will aid Juarez’s defense in any significant fashion.
The fact is we would have published any of these photos in our own paper had the space permitted. None were withheld out of deference to any confidential source we had promised to protect. Based on this, there’s no cause for Paul Wellman to risk one night of jail or for The Indy to subsidize county government in the form of untold fines for contempt of court.
But we did make a point of dragging this case out to the bitter end. This was in part inspired by the assault on the media that’s been taking place for the past eight years, and the utter contempt for the public’s right to know — anything — displayed by the Bush Administration. The feds, for instance, put freelance journalist and blogger Josh Wolf — who got his journalistic feet wet as a former Indy intern — behind bars for 226 days because he refused to show them outtakes of footage he took during anti-globalism riots in Seattle. Specifically, the feds wanted to know how a rear brake light of a police car, purchased in part with federal grant money, had been damaged during the protest in question.
As the war on Iraq enters its fifth year — and approaches its 4,000th American casualty — the administration is still effectively censoring unsettling images of wounded soldiers in the field. We’re still largely denied images of flag-draped coffins returning home. And despite many notable exceptions, much of the media has been way too willing to assume the supine position.
In the meantime, I’m going fishing. I don’t know what I’ll catch, but it’s sure to be a whopper.
Related Links
- Daily Sound Ordered to Turn Over Photos, August 2, 2007
- News-Press Hands Over Photos Without Fight, October 26, 2007
- Indy Refuses to Turn Over Stabbing Photos, November 20, 2007
- Judge Finds Wellman in Contempt of Court, November 29, 2007
- Indy Challenges Contempt Finding, December 22, 2007
- State Supreme Court Refuses to Hear Appeal, March 13, 2008

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Thanks to Paul Wellman for sticking to his guns. Thanks to Nick for reminding us why he had to. Thanks to the good work of some of the folks at the Indy who are desperately trying to keep this town honest.
potenita (anonymous profile)
March 18, 2008 at 10:56 p.m. (Suggest removal)
I'm all for freedom of the press and protecting sources, but if the news media uses their press credentials to cross the tape and enter a crime scene, then any pictures they take should be joint property of law enforcement and journalism.
It has to be give and take relationship.
I can't just go into a crime scene and start taking pictures, but the media's excuse is that I have a right to know what is happening.
This particular situation has nothing to do with protecting sources. The press wasn't there because "they had a hunch" and had done tons of leg work to get this scoop, they were following the police to a crime scene and then demanding access, but all the while being expected to be treated like a fly on the wall.
Save your indignation for when it's your own story and work with the authorities to help rather than hinder.
Shane Butler
Ventura
danceawakening (anonymous profile)
March 19, 2008 at 9:28 a.m. (Suggest removal)
Ditto Shane, good comment!!!
InTheKnow (anonymous profile)
March 19, 2008 at 3:53 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Shane,
Hate to say it but you are so wrong in this matter. Paul Wellman did not cross the yellow tape. The photos were shot behind the tape. So your point is moot.
whatphotosb (anonymous profile)
March 19, 2008 at 4 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Why would anyone want freedom of the press? The government knows what's best for us. We don't need no stinkin' Bill Of Rights. It's just a bunch of Commie Crap anyway!
Amendment IV : "The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized."
With folks like "InTheKnow" and "danceawakening" around I guess the name Senator Joseph McCarthy has been forgotten.
I weep in vain for our lost and rapidly dwindling freedoms.
Noletaman (anonymous profile)
March 19, 2008 at 9:07 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Kudos to Paul Wellman and The Independent for sticking to their guns and fighting this absurd infringement of Freedom of the Press. And boo to the News-Depress for willingly turning their images over Atkins, in complete defiance of standard journalistic ethics.
Wellman and The Independent did what they thought was right, and as a former journalist, and photo-journalist, I completely agree with them. I was never in the same position, but I did shoot numerous photos of crime scenes--mainly car crashes--and I always observed proper protocol and stayed behind the police lines unless I was escorted by an officer.
When the appeal was lost, Wellman and The Independent did something very few other news organizations have the courage to do: make the images available to everyone, not just the Public Defender.
>>Dave Reynolds, formerly of Buellton
davereyn83 (anonymous profile)
March 19, 2008 at 9:17 p.m. (Suggest removal)
I applaud the INDY for printing all the pro and con opinions. It is certainly better than the News Press would do, but I am a little bummed at the assumption that we are all photojournalism ethics majors. Seems to me there are two sides to this, the journalism-freedom of the press purists, and the rest of us who have to pay taxes and wait for due process to occur while you stand up for your principal. I think this situation was different and I agree with the judge. Choose your battles. Even with your explanation of your side, I don't see how it would have harmed anyone just to say "here, I took these, maybe they will help?" Naive or just solid civic mindedness? Conversely, it was very cool to publishing them all as an alternative.
bimboteskie (anonymous profile)
March 20, 2008 at 4:02 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Perhaps, if the Indy had arranged a private viewing with the attorney, to decide whether any of the photos would help with the defense, then the issue could have been settled--even should they desire some of the photos.
I understand the need to protect reporters under shield laws, but I also believe that the defendant's rights would be violated, IF there were help found in the photographs.
On the other side, and more of where I think the shield law applies, is when the government is looking for evidence to convict. In other words, they should not be able to seek damning evidence, especially if there is not already prior "reasonable cause" to do so.
I would think that the term "fishing" applies moreso to the prosecution, than the defense. The rights of the individual should come before the shield law, but the shield law before the "public need" for prosecution.
The only other thing I can think of that might be relevant:
The street where the pictures were taken is/was a public place--where no "resonable expectation of privacy" exists. And, by that logic, any photos taken in the street would not be considered particularly confidential, and could be seen as fair game.
[As an aside, the problem with the wording, "expectation of privacy", is that the concept is a particular one. I only wish there were "resonable expectations of ANONYMITY" laws.]
equus_posteriori (anonymous profile)
March 21, 2008 at 12:40 p.m. (Suggest removal)
The Poodle has it wrong this time. Too close to the action to see the public policy issues? And why the attack on the public defender? She isn't the "state." Those defending the reluctance to aid the defense would probably have no problem if the photos were sought by the prosecution to find a "gang banger." Aren't we interested in a fair trial and justice for the defendant? Would you really prefer the teenager be convicted without a defense that would work to get the evidence that might acquit? Or should they simply take your word for it that the photos wouldn't help? Think it over.
RHS (anonymous profile)
March 24, 2008 at 11:10 a.m. (Suggest removal)
Can we vote for our fav?
1156... this guy is definitely guilty...
bcaron (anonymous profile)
March 24, 2008 at 11:17 a.m. (Suggest removal)
Get over yourself Nick Welsh and the Independent. This is not about protecting a confidential source. By taking photos of a crime scene while possible suspects are around the area, that photographer became what is called a "percipiant witness." Holding press credentials does not make you immune from becoming a witness. By taking pictures those pictures are real evidence of a crime (or the aftermath of a crime, which sometimes holds a wealth of information). I understand if you get information from someone who was there and they want to remain confidential, that you should not have to reveal that source. Don't get me wrong, I get that, and I support the law in that type of case. But in that type of situation you are just receiving second hand information, thus you are not a witness to any actual event, you are just being told what happend by a witness. That is not the case here. The photograher became a precipiant witness to things as they were occuring and his photos are real evidence. There is a reason the judge ruled that you must turn the photos over and there is a reason that the California Supreme Court did not even bother to review it. The reason is that the law is clear on this point, the photos need to be turned over. What troubles me is that your readers who are not familiar with the law in this area will actually take your opinion piece as fact regarding the law in this case, and assume that you somehow have a better understanding of the law in this area than a judge, which, with all due respect, you simple don't have. He wasn't wrong Nick, you and the Independant were wrong. Nick, please allow an educated attorney in this area who's opinion differs from your and the Independent to explain the other side in your column next week.
johnny123 (anonymous profile)
March 24, 2008 at 4:49 p.m. (Suggest removal)
Very well put johnny123 I totally agree. Noletaman isn't talking anymore now is he?
InTheKnow (anonymous profile)
April 3, 2008 at 5:37 p.m. (Suggest removal)
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